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1 suspend
1 ( hang) suspendre (from à) ; to be suspended in midair/time être suspendu dans le vide/le temps ;2 ( float) to be suspended in [balloon, feather] flotter dans [air] ; [particles] être en suspension dans [gel] ;3 ( call off) suspendre [talks, hostilities, aid, trade, trial] ; interrompre [transport services, meeting] ; to suspend play Sport interrompre le match ;4 ( reserve) réserver [comment, judgment] ; to suspend disbelief accepter les invraisemblances ; to suspend (one's) judgment réserver son jugement ;5 ( remove from activities) suspendre [employee, official] (from de) ; suspendre [footballer, athlete] (from de) ; exclure [qn] temporairement [pupil] (from de) ; to be suspended from duty être suspendu de ses fonctions ;6 Fin to suspend shares suspendre la cotation d'un titre ;7 Jur her sentence was suspended elle a été condamnée avec sursis ; he was given an 18 month sentence suspended for 12 months il a été condamné à 18 mois de prison avec un an de sursis. -
2 suspend
[sə'spend]2) (float)to be suspended in — [balloon, feather] essere sospeso in [ air]
3) (call off) sospendere [talks, services, meeting, match]5) (remove from activities) sospendere [employee, official, pupil]; squalificare, sospendere [ athlete]6) dir.* * *[sə'spend]1) (to hang: The meat was suspended from a hook.) appendere2) (to keep from falling or sinking: Particles of dust are suspended in the air.) sospendere3) (to stop or discontinue temporarily: All business will be suspended until after the funeral.) sospendere4) (to prevent (a person) temporarily from continuing his (professional) activities or having his usual privileges: Two footballers were suspended after yesterday's match.) sospendere•- suspenders
- suspense
- suspension
- suspension bridge* * *[sə'spend]2) (float)to be suspended in — [balloon, feather] essere sospeso in [ air]
3) (call off) sospendere [talks, services, meeting, match]5) (remove from activities) sospendere [employee, official, pupil]; squalificare, sospendere [ athlete]6) dir. -
3 suspend
suspend [sə'spend]∎ suspended from the ceiling/in the air suspendu au plafond/en l'air;∎ particles of radioactive dust were suspended in the atmosphere des particules radioactives étaient en suspension dans l'atmosphère∎ bus services have been suspended le service des autobus a été suspendu ou interrompu;∎ the government has suspended the repayment of foreign debts le gouvernement a suspendu le remboursement de sa dette extérieure∎ to suspend judgment suspendre son jugement;∎ the commission decided to suspend its decision la commission décida de surseoir à sa décision;∎ to suspend one's disbelief faire taire son incrédulité(d) (exclude temporarily → official, member, sportsman) suspendre; (→ worker) suspendre, mettre à pied; (→ pupil, student) exclure provisoirement;∎ suspended for six months suspendu pendant six mois;∎ two pupils have been suspended from school for smoking deux élèves surpris à fumer font l'objet d'un renvoi provisoire;∎ Administration suspended on full pay suspendu sans suppression de traitement; Military suspendu sans suppression de solde -
4 ♦ judgment
♦ judgment /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/n.1 [u] giudizio; discernimento; senno: a person of good judgment, una persona di giudizio (o assennata); to show excellent judgment, mostrare molto giudizio (o discernimento)3 giudizio; avviso; parere: in my judgment, a mio giudizio; a mio avviso; snap judgment, giudizio dato su due piedi4 [cu] (leg.) giudizio; decisione; deliberazione; verdetto; sentenza: judgment for the plaintiff, sentenza a favore dell'attore; judgment in (o by) default, sentenza contumaciale; to give judgment on sb., emettere una sentenza contro q.; to appeal against a judgment, appellarsi contro una sentenza; to suspend judgment, sospendere il giudizio5 castigo di Dio; punizione divina; giusta punizione● (leg.) judgment creditor, creditore giudiziario □ (leg.) judgment debtor, debitore giudiziario □ (relig.) Judgment Day, il giorno del Giudizio □ (leg.) judgment seat, banco del giudice □ (leg.) judgment with costs, sentenza di condanna al pagamento delle spese processuali □ against one's better judgment, pur sapendo di fare cosa poco saggia; contro il proprio buon senso □ (relig.) the Last Judgment, il Giudizio universale □ to pass judgment on sb., (leg.) emettere una sentenza contro q.; (fig.) criticare q. □ to reserve judgment about st., riservarsi di esprimere un giudizio su qc. □ to sit in judgment ( over o on), (leg.) giudicare; (fig.) ergersi a giudice (su), emettere sentenze (su). -
5 aussetzen
Aussetzen n 1. BÖRSE, GEN, STEUER suspension; 2. PERS suspension (from benefit) (Leistungen); 3. LOGIS launching* * *v 1. <Börse, Recht, Steuer> suspend; 2. < Person> Zahlungen, Leistungen usw. suspend temporarily, disqualify ■ etw. an jmdm. auszusetzen haben < Geschäft> find fault with sb ■ an jmdn. etw. aussetzen < Geschäft> find fault with sb* * *aussetzen
(Kind) to abandon, (Summe) to settle, (Tätigkeit) to discontinue, (vertagen) to adjourn;
• Belohnung aussetzen to offer (hold out) a reward;
• Darlehnsgewährung aussetzen to suspend loans;
• Entscheidung über die Konkursanordnung aussetzen to stay a petition;
• sich einer Haftung aussetzen to incur a liability;
• Kursnotierung aussetzen to suspend a quotation;
• jem. eine Leibrente aussetzen to settle a life annuity on s. o.;
• seiner Tochter ein Nadelgeld aussetzen to allow a stipend to one’s daughter;
• Preis aussetzen to offer a prize;
• sich einem Risiko aussetzen to run a risk;
• Ruhegehalt aussetzen to settle a pension;
• Summe aussetzen to appoint (settle) a sum;
• Tag aussetzen to take a day off;
• Urteilsverkündung aussetzen to reserve judgment;
• Verfahren aussetzen to abate (suspend) proceedings, to stay execution;
• Vermächtnis aussetzen to bequeath, to bequest;
• Vollstreckung eines Urteils aussetzen to suspend a judgment;
• Wirtschaft großen Belastungen aussetzen to place great strains on the economy;
• Zahlung aussetzen to suspend payment;
• zeitweilig aussetzen to intermit;
• Zwangsvollstreckung aussetzen to stay execution. -
6 Aussetzen
Aussetzen n 1. BÖRSE, GEN, STEUER suspension; 2. PERS suspension (from benefit) (Leistungen); 3. LOGIS launching* * *n 1. <Börse, Geschäft, Steuer> suspension; 2. < Person> Leistungen suspension (from benefit) ; 3. < Transp> launching* * *aussetzen
(Kind) to abandon, (Summe) to settle, (Tätigkeit) to discontinue, (vertagen) to adjourn;
• Belohnung aussetzen to offer (hold out) a reward;
• Darlehnsgewährung aussetzen to suspend loans;
• Entscheidung über die Konkursanordnung aussetzen to stay a petition;
• sich einer Haftung aussetzen to incur a liability;
• Kursnotierung aussetzen to suspend a quotation;
• jem. eine Leibrente aussetzen to settle a life annuity on s. o.;
• seiner Tochter ein Nadelgeld aussetzen to allow a stipend to one’s daughter;
• Preis aussetzen to offer a prize;
• sich einem Risiko aussetzen to run a risk;
• Ruhegehalt aussetzen to settle a pension;
• Summe aussetzen to appoint (settle) a sum;
• Tag aussetzen to take a day off;
• Urteilsverkündung aussetzen to reserve judgment;
• Verfahren aussetzen to abate (suspend) proceedings, to stay execution;
• Vermächtnis aussetzen to bequeath, to bequest;
• Vollstreckung eines Urteils aussetzen to suspend a judgment;
• Wirtschaft großen Belastungen aussetzen to place great strains on the economy;
• Zahlung aussetzen to suspend payment;
• zeitweilig aussetzen to intermit;
• Zwangsvollstreckung aussetzen to stay execution. -
7 giudizio
"judgement;Beurteilung;avaliaçao"* * *m (pl -zi) judg(e)ment( senno) wisdom( sentenza) verdicta mio giudizio in my opiniongiudizio civile civil action, lawsuitmettere giudizio turn over a new leaf* * *giudizio s.m.1 (dir.) judg (e)ment; (causa) trial; (sentenza) decree, verdict, sentence: giudizio definitivo, decree absolute; giudizio esecutivo, enforceable judgement; giudizio provvisorio, decree nisi; giudizio sommario, summary trial; giudizio arbitrale, award; giudizio di primo grado, judgement of first instance; a giudizio, on trial; corte di giudizio, court of judgement; rinvio a giudizio, (atto d'accusa) indictment; rinviare qlcu. a giudizio, to commit s.o. for trial; rinviare qlcu. a giudizio con l'imputazione di omicidio, to indict s.o. on a murder charge; citare in giudizio, to convene; citare qlcu. in giudizio per diffamazione, to sue s.o. for libel; comparire in giudizio, to appear before the court; mettere a giudizio, to bring to trial (o up for trial); passare a giudizio, to be brought up for trial (o to stand trial); pronunciare un giudizio, to pass judgement (o to adjudicate); sedere in giudizio, to sit in judgement; sospendere il giudizio, to suspend judgement; ebbe un giudizio sfavorevole, the judgement went against him2 (opinione) judg (e)ment, opinion; (decisione) decision; (valutazione) assessment, evaluation: a mio giudizio, in my judgement (o opinion); secondo il giudizio di molti, in the judgement (o opinion o view) of many people; non mi curo del tuo giudizio, I am quite indifferent to your opinion; dare un giudizio su qlco., to pass judgement (o to give an opinion) on sthg.; farsi un giudizio su qlco., to form an opinion of sthg.; rimettersi al giudizio di qlcu., to accept s.o.'s decision; il giudizio della commissione d'esame è stato positivo, the examiners passed the candidate; il giudizio del direttore di gara è stato contestato, the referee's decision was contested; hanno esposto i giudizi (scolastici)?, have they put up the results?3 (saggezza) wisdom; (buon senso) good sense, common sense, good judgement, sound judgement: un ragazzo di giudizio, a sensible boy; aver giudizio, to be sensible; non hai affatto giudizio!, you have no sense at all!; far giudizio, to behave well (o to behave oneself); mettere giudizio, to become sensible (o to turn over a new leaf); (calmarsi, diventare serio) to settle down; mostrar giudizio, to show sound judgement (o good sense) // dente del giudizio, wisdom-tooth // età del giudizio, years of discretion4 (teol.) judgement: il giudizio universale, the Last Judgement; il giorno del giudizio, Doomsday (o the Day of Judgement)5 giudizio di Dio, (st. medievale) ordeal6 (fil.) judgement: 'La critica del Giudizio', 'Critique of Judgement'.* * *1) (opinione) judgment, opiniondare o esprimere un giudizio su qcn., qcs. to pass judgment o give one's opinion on sb., sth.; a mio giudizio — as far as I can judge, in my opinion
2) (senno) (common) sense, wisdommettere giudizio — to become sensible, to steady oneself
3) scol. assessment, evaluation4) dir. (processo)citare qcn. in giudizio — to prefer o press charges against sb., to take sb. to court
comparire in giudizio — to come to the bar, to come up for trial, to appear before the o in court
rinviare a giudizio — to commit o send o remand sb. for trial
emettere o pronunciare un giudizio [ tribunale] to pass judgment; giudizio di assoluzione, di condanna — verdict of not guilty, of guilty
•giudizio di Dio — stor. ordeal
* * *giudiziopl. -zi /dʒu'dittsjo, tsi/sostantivo m.1 (opinione) judgment, opinion; dare o esprimere un giudizio su qcn., qcs. to pass judgment o give one's opinion on sb., sth.; a mio giudizio as far as I can judge, in my opinion2 (senno) (common) sense, wisdom; non avere giudizio to have no wisdom; mettere giudizio to become sensible, to steady oneself; l'età del giudizio the age of reason3 scol. assessment, evaluation4 dir. (processo) citare qcn. in giudizio to prefer o press charges against sb., to take sb. to court; comparire in giudizio to come to the bar, to come up for trial, to appear before the o in court; rinvio a giudizio remand; rinviare a giudizio to commit o send o remand sb. for trial; in attesa di giudizio awaiting trial; emettere o pronunciare un giudizio [ tribunale] to pass judgment; giudizio di assoluzione, di condanna verdict of not guilty, of guiltygiudizio di Dio stor. ordeal; giudizio di primo grado judgment of first instance; Giudizio Universale Last Judgment. -
8 Vollstreckung
Vollstreckung f RECHT enforcement, execution • die Vollstreckung aussetzen RECHT order a stay of enforcement* * *f < Recht> enforcement, execution* * *Vollstreckung
execution, enforcement, levy of execution;
• der Vollstreckung unterliegend distrainable;
• nicht der Vollstreckung unterliegend exempt from execution, judgment-proof, mace-proof (US);
• nur teilweise durchgeführte Vollstreckung dormant execution;
• fruchtlose Vollstreckung unsatisfied execution;
• Vollstreckung wegen Mietschulden distress for non-payment of rent;
• Vollstreckung eines Schiedsspruchs enforcement of an award;
• Vollstreckung von Unterhaltsansprüchen enforcement of supports (US);
• Vollstreckung aus einem Urteil execution under (enforcement of) a judgment;
• Vollstreckung einer gerichtlichen Verfügung enforcement of an order;
• Einstellung der Vollstreckung anordnen, Vollstreckung eines Urteils aussetzen to grant a stay of execution, to stay (suspend) a judgment;
• Vollstreckung beantragen to sue for a distraint, to issue execution against;
• Vollstreckung betreiben to levy a distraint, to enforce a judgment by execution;
• Vollstreckung gegen j. betreiben to levy on s. one’s estate (property, goods);
• Vollstreckung in das bewegliche Eigentum wegen nicht bezahlter Miete betreiben to distrain chattels for non-payment of rent;
• Vollstreckung aus einem Kostenurteil betreiben to levy execution with respect to the costs;
• Vollstreckung mangels Masse einstellen to return an execution unsatisfied (nulla bona, US);
• Vollstreckung vorübergehend einstellen to suspend an execution temporarily;
• der Vollstreckung unterliegen to be subject to distraint (execution);
• nicht der Vollstreckung unterliegen to be exempt from execution, to be mace-proof (US);
• Vollstreckung vornehmen to put in an execution and levy. -
9 תלי
תלי, תָּלָה(b. h.; cmp. דָּלָה) 1) to swing, raise; to suspend, hang. Y.Sot.I. 16d bot. (ref. to Gen. 38:14) תָּלַת עיניה בפתחוכ׳ she raised her eyes to the gate to which all eyes look hopefully; Y.Keth.XIII, beg.35c; Gen. R. s. 85 שתָּלְתָה … תְּלוּיוֹת בו (not שתלה). B. Mets.58b לא יִתְלֶה עיניו עלוכ׳ one must not hang his eyes on a purchase (look as if he wanted to buy), when he has no money; (Pes.112b אל תעמוד על, v. מִקָּח). Gen. R. s. 98 כדי שיתלה עיניווכ׳ in order that he (Joseph) might lift up his eyes and look at them (the Egyptian women). Snh.VI, 4 והלא … ת׳ נשיםוכ׳ did not Simon b. Sh. hang women in Ashkelon? Ib. כיצד תולין אותו how is the hanging (of the convict stoned to death) done? Ib. ותולה … ומתיריןוכ׳ and one person hangs him as the butchers suspend animals, and he is taken down at once. Ib. 46b צוה … ותְלָאוּהוּ the king gave the order, and they hanged him. Sabb.XX, 1 תוליןוכ׳, v. מְשַׁמֶּרֶת. Y.Taan.IV, 69b top תְּלָיָיןוכ׳ (strike out תלו), v. גַּרְדּוֹם; a. fr.Trnsf. to hang on; to attach, assign. B. Bath. 109b, v. קַלְקָלָה. Nidd.IX, 3 הרי זו תוֹלָה בה she may trace (the bloodstain) to her (the woman to whom she had lent the garment). Ib. 4 ותוֹלוֹת זו זו each of them may assign the cause of the stain to the other. Ib. VIII, 2 ותולה … לִתְלוֹת and she may assign the cause to anything that she may possibly assign it to; a. fr.Part. pass. תָּלוּי; f. תְּלוּיָה; pl. תְּלוּיִים, תְּלוּיִין; תְּלוּיוֹת. Sabb. l. c. נותנין לת׳ בשבת you may pour wine into the suspended strainer on the Sabbath. Y.Gitt.VII, 48c bot. בחזקת שהנשמה ת׳ בו under the presumption that the soul was yet attached to him (that he was still of a sane mind). Ḥull. דבר שהנשמה ת׳ בו a limb on which life depends, a vital organ. Snh.97b ואין הדבר ת׳וכ׳, and the thing (redemption) depends, v. קֵץ. Gen. R. s. 85 שכל העינים ת׳ בו to which all eyes are lifted up, v. supra. Kidd.39b תחיית המתים ת׳ בה, v. תְּחִיָּה. Ib. I, 9 מצוה שהיא ת׳ בארץ a command which is made dependent on the land (of Israel, to which the Biblical text attaches living in Palestine as a condition). Hag. I, 8 כהררים הת׳ בשערה, v. הַר. Cant. R. to III, 4, v. עיי״ן; a. fr. 2) to hold in suspense, leave undecided, leave in doubt; to be suspended. Yoma VIII, 8 ועל החמורות הוא תולה עדוכ׳ as to heavy sins, he (who repents) is in suspense (will neither be punished nor acquitted), until the Day of Atonement comes and brings forgiveness. Tanḥ. Shmoth 20 וכשאני תולה על חטאיווכ׳ when I suspend judgment for a mans sins, I am called El Shadday. Sot.III, 4 אם … היתה תוֹלָה לה if she (the Soṭah) has any merit, it will create suspension of punishment for her; יש זכות תולה שנה אחתוכ׳ some merits create a suspension of one year, some of two Ib. 5 אין זכות תולה במיםוכ׳ in the case of testing waters merit causes no suspension. Pes.I, 4 אוכלין … ותוֹלִין כל חמשוכ׳ you may eat (leavened bread on the eve of Passover) to four hours of the day, and hold it in suspense during the fifth hour, and burn it Ib. 5 תולין לא אוכליןוכ׳ they held it in suspense: they did not eat it, nor did they burn it; a. fr.Part. pass. as ab. Ib. 7 they differ על הת׳ ועל הטמאה concerning Trumah in suspense (under suspicion of uncleanness) and such as is surely unclean. Nidd.60a טהור ות׳ a clean person and one under doubt of uncleanness; a. fr.אשם ת׳, v. אָשָׁם. Nif. נִתְלָה to be hanged. Snh.VI, 4 האיש נִתְלֶה ואין האשה נִתְלֵית a man (stoned to death) is hanged, but a woman must not be hanged. Ib. כל … נִתְלִין all persons that are put to death by stoning are afterwards hanged. Y.Taan.IV, 67d להִיתָּלוֹת בה, v. יָתֵד. Pes.112a הִיתָּלֶה, v. אִילָּן; a. fr.Lam. R. to IV, 22 למה … להתלות ביתוכ׳ why were divine visitations created to be movable (to be taken from one and put on another)? (As we say,) they have a house to go to (with ref. to Lam. l. c. a. Deut. 7:15). Hif. הִתְלָה, הִתְלָא to swing. Gen. R. s. 22 מַתְלֵא בעקיבו; Yalk. Prov. 961 מַתְלֶה, v. עָקֵב. -
10 תלה
תלי, תָּלָה(b. h.; cmp. דָּלָה) 1) to swing, raise; to suspend, hang. Y.Sot.I. 16d bot. (ref. to Gen. 38:14) תָּלַת עיניה בפתחוכ׳ she raised her eyes to the gate to which all eyes look hopefully; Y.Keth.XIII, beg.35c; Gen. R. s. 85 שתָּלְתָה … תְּלוּיוֹת בו (not שתלה). B. Mets.58b לא יִתְלֶה עיניו עלוכ׳ one must not hang his eyes on a purchase (look as if he wanted to buy), when he has no money; (Pes.112b אל תעמוד על, v. מִקָּח). Gen. R. s. 98 כדי שיתלה עיניווכ׳ in order that he (Joseph) might lift up his eyes and look at them (the Egyptian women). Snh.VI, 4 והלא … ת׳ נשיםוכ׳ did not Simon b. Sh. hang women in Ashkelon? Ib. כיצד תולין אותו how is the hanging (of the convict stoned to death) done? Ib. ותולה … ומתיריןוכ׳ and one person hangs him as the butchers suspend animals, and he is taken down at once. Ib. 46b צוה … ותְלָאוּהוּ the king gave the order, and they hanged him. Sabb.XX, 1 תוליןוכ׳, v. מְשַׁמֶּרֶת. Y.Taan.IV, 69b top תְּלָיָיןוכ׳ (strike out תלו), v. גַּרְדּוֹם; a. fr.Trnsf. to hang on; to attach, assign. B. Bath. 109b, v. קַלְקָלָה. Nidd.IX, 3 הרי זו תוֹלָה בה she may trace (the bloodstain) to her (the woman to whom she had lent the garment). Ib. 4 ותוֹלוֹת זו זו each of them may assign the cause of the stain to the other. Ib. VIII, 2 ותולה … לִתְלוֹת and she may assign the cause to anything that she may possibly assign it to; a. fr.Part. pass. תָּלוּי; f. תְּלוּיָה; pl. תְּלוּיִים, תְּלוּיִין; תְּלוּיוֹת. Sabb. l. c. נותנין לת׳ בשבת you may pour wine into the suspended strainer on the Sabbath. Y.Gitt.VII, 48c bot. בחזקת שהנשמה ת׳ בו under the presumption that the soul was yet attached to him (that he was still of a sane mind). Ḥull. דבר שהנשמה ת׳ בו a limb on which life depends, a vital organ. Snh.97b ואין הדבר ת׳וכ׳, and the thing (redemption) depends, v. קֵץ. Gen. R. s. 85 שכל העינים ת׳ בו to which all eyes are lifted up, v. supra. Kidd.39b תחיית המתים ת׳ בה, v. תְּחִיָּה. Ib. I, 9 מצוה שהיא ת׳ בארץ a command which is made dependent on the land (of Israel, to which the Biblical text attaches living in Palestine as a condition). Hag. I, 8 כהררים הת׳ בשערה, v. הַר. Cant. R. to III, 4, v. עיי״ן; a. fr. 2) to hold in suspense, leave undecided, leave in doubt; to be suspended. Yoma VIII, 8 ועל החמורות הוא תולה עדוכ׳ as to heavy sins, he (who repents) is in suspense (will neither be punished nor acquitted), until the Day of Atonement comes and brings forgiveness. Tanḥ. Shmoth 20 וכשאני תולה על חטאיווכ׳ when I suspend judgment for a mans sins, I am called El Shadday. Sot.III, 4 אם … היתה תוֹלָה לה if she (the Soṭah) has any merit, it will create suspension of punishment for her; יש זכות תולה שנה אחתוכ׳ some merits create a suspension of one year, some of two Ib. 5 אין זכות תולה במיםוכ׳ in the case of testing waters merit causes no suspension. Pes.I, 4 אוכלין … ותוֹלִין כל חמשוכ׳ you may eat (leavened bread on the eve of Passover) to four hours of the day, and hold it in suspense during the fifth hour, and burn it Ib. 5 תולין לא אוכליןוכ׳ they held it in suspense: they did not eat it, nor did they burn it; a. fr.Part. pass. as ab. Ib. 7 they differ על הת׳ ועל הטמאה concerning Trumah in suspense (under suspicion of uncleanness) and such as is surely unclean. Nidd.60a טהור ות׳ a clean person and one under doubt of uncleanness; a. fr.אשם ת׳, v. אָשָׁם. Nif. נִתְלָה to be hanged. Snh.VI, 4 האיש נִתְלֶה ואין האשה נִתְלֵית a man (stoned to death) is hanged, but a woman must not be hanged. Ib. כל … נִתְלִין all persons that are put to death by stoning are afterwards hanged. Y.Taan.IV, 67d להִיתָּלוֹת בה, v. יָתֵד. Pes.112a הִיתָּלֶה, v. אִילָּן; a. fr.Lam. R. to IV, 22 למה … להתלות ביתוכ׳ why were divine visitations created to be movable (to be taken from one and put on another)? (As we say,) they have a house to go to (with ref. to Lam. l. c. a. Deut. 7:15). Hif. הִתְלָה, הִתְלָא to swing. Gen. R. s. 22 מַתְלֵא בעקיבו; Yalk. Prov. 961 מַתְלֶה, v. עָקֵב. -
11 תָּלָה
תלי, תָּלָה(b. h.; cmp. דָּלָה) 1) to swing, raise; to suspend, hang. Y.Sot.I. 16d bot. (ref. to Gen. 38:14) תָּלַת עיניה בפתחוכ׳ she raised her eyes to the gate to which all eyes look hopefully; Y.Keth.XIII, beg.35c; Gen. R. s. 85 שתָּלְתָה … תְּלוּיוֹת בו (not שתלה). B. Mets.58b לא יִתְלֶה עיניו עלוכ׳ one must not hang his eyes on a purchase (look as if he wanted to buy), when he has no money; (Pes.112b אל תעמוד על, v. מִקָּח). Gen. R. s. 98 כדי שיתלה עיניווכ׳ in order that he (Joseph) might lift up his eyes and look at them (the Egyptian women). Snh.VI, 4 והלא … ת׳ נשיםוכ׳ did not Simon b. Sh. hang women in Ashkelon? Ib. כיצד תולין אותו how is the hanging (of the convict stoned to death) done? Ib. ותולה … ומתיריןוכ׳ and one person hangs him as the butchers suspend animals, and he is taken down at once. Ib. 46b צוה … ותְלָאוּהוּ the king gave the order, and they hanged him. Sabb.XX, 1 תוליןוכ׳, v. מְשַׁמֶּרֶת. Y.Taan.IV, 69b top תְּלָיָיןוכ׳ (strike out תלו), v. גַּרְדּוֹם; a. fr.Trnsf. to hang on; to attach, assign. B. Bath. 109b, v. קַלְקָלָה. Nidd.IX, 3 הרי זו תוֹלָה בה she may trace (the bloodstain) to her (the woman to whom she had lent the garment). Ib. 4 ותוֹלוֹת זו זו each of them may assign the cause of the stain to the other. Ib. VIII, 2 ותולה … לִתְלוֹת and she may assign the cause to anything that she may possibly assign it to; a. fr.Part. pass. תָּלוּי; f. תְּלוּיָה; pl. תְּלוּיִים, תְּלוּיִין; תְּלוּיוֹת. Sabb. l. c. נותנין לת׳ בשבת you may pour wine into the suspended strainer on the Sabbath. Y.Gitt.VII, 48c bot. בחזקת שהנשמה ת׳ בו under the presumption that the soul was yet attached to him (that he was still of a sane mind). Ḥull. דבר שהנשמה ת׳ בו a limb on which life depends, a vital organ. Snh.97b ואין הדבר ת׳וכ׳, and the thing (redemption) depends, v. קֵץ. Gen. R. s. 85 שכל העינים ת׳ בו to which all eyes are lifted up, v. supra. Kidd.39b תחיית המתים ת׳ בה, v. תְּחִיָּה. Ib. I, 9 מצוה שהיא ת׳ בארץ a command which is made dependent on the land (of Israel, to which the Biblical text attaches living in Palestine as a condition). Hag. I, 8 כהררים הת׳ בשערה, v. הַר. Cant. R. to III, 4, v. עיי״ן; a. fr. 2) to hold in suspense, leave undecided, leave in doubt; to be suspended. Yoma VIII, 8 ועל החמורות הוא תולה עדוכ׳ as to heavy sins, he (who repents) is in suspense (will neither be punished nor acquitted), until the Day of Atonement comes and brings forgiveness. Tanḥ. Shmoth 20 וכשאני תולה על חטאיווכ׳ when I suspend judgment for a mans sins, I am called El Shadday. Sot.III, 4 אם … היתה תוֹלָה לה if she (the Soṭah) has any merit, it will create suspension of punishment for her; יש זכות תולה שנה אחתוכ׳ some merits create a suspension of one year, some of two Ib. 5 אין זכות תולה במיםוכ׳ in the case of testing waters merit causes no suspension. Pes.I, 4 אוכלין … ותוֹלִין כל חמשוכ׳ you may eat (leavened bread on the eve of Passover) to four hours of the day, and hold it in suspense during the fifth hour, and burn it Ib. 5 תולין לא אוכליןוכ׳ they held it in suspense: they did not eat it, nor did they burn it; a. fr.Part. pass. as ab. Ib. 7 they differ על הת׳ ועל הטמאה concerning Trumah in suspense (under suspicion of uncleanness) and such as is surely unclean. Nidd.60a טהור ות׳ a clean person and one under doubt of uncleanness; a. fr.אשם ת׳, v. אָשָׁם. Nif. נִתְלָה to be hanged. Snh.VI, 4 האיש נִתְלֶה ואין האשה נִתְלֵית a man (stoned to death) is hanged, but a woman must not be hanged. Ib. כל … נִתְלִין all persons that are put to death by stoning are afterwards hanged. Y.Taan.IV, 67d להִיתָּלוֹת בה, v. יָתֵד. Pes.112a הִיתָּלֶה, v. אִילָּן; a. fr.Lam. R. to IV, 22 למה … להתלות ביתוכ׳ why were divine visitations created to be movable (to be taken from one and put on another)? (As we say,) they have a house to go to (with ref. to Lam. l. c. a. Deut. 7:15). Hif. הִתְלָה, הִתְלָא to swing. Gen. R. s. 22 מַתְלֵא בעקיבו; Yalk. Prov. 961 מַתְלֶה, v. עָקֵב. -
12 suspendo
suspendo, di, sum, 3, v. a. [sus, from subs, for sub; v. sub, III., and pendo], to hang up, hang, suspend (freq. and class.).I.Lit.A.In gen.:B.pernas suspendito in vento biduum... suspendito in fumo biduum... suspendito in carnario,
Cato, R. R. 162, 3:aliquid in fumo,
Plin. 30, 4, 11, § 31:suspensae in litore vestes,
Lucr. 1, 305:religata ad pinnam muri reste suspensus,
Liv. 8, 16, 9:oscilla ex altā pinu,
Verg. G. 2, 389:columbam malo ab alto,
id. A. 5, 489:tignis nidum suspendat hirundo,
id. G. 4, 307:habilem arcum umeris,
id. A. 1, 318:stamina telā,
Ov. M. 6, 576:aliquid collo,
Plin. 37, 9, 40, § 124:(ranae) suspensae pedibus,
id. 32, 8, 29, § 92; Col. 7, 10, 3:aliquid e collo,
Plin. 23, 7, 63, § 125:allium super prunas,
id. 19, 6, 34, § 115:vitem sub ramo,
id. 17, 23, 35, § 209:cocleam in fumo,
id. 30, 4, 11, § 31: aliquid lance, to weigh, Pert. 4, 10; cf.:in trutinā Homerum,
Juv. 6, 438:suspendi a jugulis suis gladios obsecrantes,
Amm. 17, 12, 16:se suspendit fenestrā,
i. e. to look out, App. M. p. 148, 6.— Poet.:nec sua credulitas piscem suspenderat hamo,
had hung, caught, Ov. M. 15, 101.—In a Greek construction: [p. 1820] (pueri) laevo suspensi loculos tabulamque lacerto, with their satchels hanging on their arms, Hor. S. 1, 6, 74; id. Ep. 1, 1, 56.—In partic.1.Pregn., of persons.a.To choke to death by hanging, to hang (cf.:b.suffoco, strangulo): capias restim ac te suspendas,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 184; cf. id. Pers. 5, 2, 34:nisi me suspendo, occidi,
id. Rud. 5, 3 59:se suspendere,
id. Trin. 2, 4, 135; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 56, § 129; id. Att. 13, 40, 1: caput obnubito: arbori infelici suspendito, Lex. ap. Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 13; Liv. 1, 26, 6:uxorem suam suspendisse se de ficu,
Cic. de Or. 2, 69, 278:se e ficu,
Quint. 6, 3, 88:hominem in oleastro,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 57:more vel intereas capti suspensus Achaei,
Ov. Ib. 297:aliquem in furcā,
Dig. 48, 13, 6; cf.:virgines, quae corporibus suspensis demortuae forent,
Gell. 15, 10, 2.—To hang at the whipping-post; pass., to be flogged, Amm. 15, 7, 4.—2.Of offerings in a temple, to hang up, dedicate, consecrate:3.votas vestes,
Verg. A. 12, 769; cf. id. ib. 9, 408:arma capta patri Quirino,
id. ib. 6, 859:vestimenta maris deo,
Hor. C. 1, 5, 15:insignia,
Tib. 2, 4, 23.—Esp., of buildings, to build upon arches or vaults, to arch or vault: primus balneola suspendit, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 194, 14; cf. id. Top. 4, 22:b.pavimenta,
Pall. 1, 20, 2:cameras harundinibus,
to arch over, Plin. 16, 36, 64, § 156:castra saxis praeruptis,
to build on, Sil. 3, 556:velabra,
Amm. 14, 6, 25:duo tigna... suspenderent eam contignationem,
propped up, supported, Caes. B. C. 2, 9, 2; cf. id. ib. § 5.—Transf. (with esp. reference to the thing beneath), to prop up, hold up, support:c.muro suspenso furculis,
Liv. 38, 7, 9:agentem ex imo rimas insulam,
Sen. Ben. 6, 15, 5:tellus ligneis columnis suspenditur,
Plin. 33, 4, 21, § 68:dolia subjectis parvis tribus lapidibus suspenduntur,
Col. 12, 18, 6; cf. id. 2, 15, 6; 3, 13, 8:orbis Libycos Indis dentibus,
tables with ivory feet, Mart. 2, 43, 9:cum terra levis virgultaque molem suspendant,
Luc. 3, 397; Petr. 135:pes summis digitis suspenditur,
is raised on tiptoe, Quint. 11, 3, 125.—Esp., of ploughing, etc., to lift up, raise:II. A.si non fuerit tellus fecunda... tenui sat erit suspendere sulco,
Verg. G. 1, 68:ripas... litora multo vomere suspendere,
Stat. Th. 4, 181; cf.:vineam in summā terrā suspendere,
Col. 3, 13.—In gen. (very rare):B.extrinsecus aut bene aut male vivendi suspensas habere rationes,
dependent upon externals, Cic. Fam. 5, 13, 1:cui viro ex se ipso apta sunt omnia, nec suspensa aliorum aut bono casu aut contrario pendere, etc.,
id. Tusc. 5, 12, 36:genus, ex quo ceterae species suspensae sunt,
Sen. Ep. 58, 7:numquam crediderim felicem ex felicitate suspensum,
id. ib. 98, 1.—In partic., to cause to be suspended, i. e.,1.To make uncertain or doubtful, to keep in suspense:2.medio responso rem suspenderunt,
Liv. 39, 29, 1:illa Suspendit animos fictā gravitate rogantum,
Ov. M. 7, 308:ea res omnium animos exspectatione suspenderat,
Curt. 9, 7, 20:aliquem exspectatione,
Plin. Ep. 2, 20, 3:diu judicum animos,
Quint. 9, 2, 22; cf.:senatum ambiguis responsis,
Suet. Tib. 24:suspensa ac velut dubitans oratio,
Quint. 10, 7, 22:exspectationem,
Curt. 7, 4, 14; cf. infra, in the P. a. —To stay, stop, check, interrupt, suspend (syn. supprimo):* 3. 4.nec jam suspendere fletum Sustinet,
Ov. F. 4, 849:lacrimas,
id. Am. 1, 7, 57:spiritum,
Quint. 1, 8, 1:sermonem,
Quint. 11, 3, 35 sq.:fluxiones oculorum,
Plin. 28, 7, 21, § 73:epiphoras,
id. 25, 12, 91, § 143:causas morbi,
Veg. Vet. 3, 65, 5:gressum,
id. ib. 2, 55, 3:manum tuam,
id. ib. 2, 40, 3; cf. P. a. 2. infra. —Aliquem or aliquid naso (adunco), to turn up one ' s nose at, to sneer at a person or thing (Horatian):5.naso suspendis adunco Ignotos,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 5:Balatro suspendens omnia naso,
id. ib. 2, 8, 64.—Of a temporary removal from office, to suspend:A.duobus hunc (episcopum) mensibus, Greg. M. Ep. 3, 46: ab officio suspensus,
id. ib. —Hence, suspen-sus, a, um, P. a.Lit. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug-prose).1.Raised, elerated, suspended: Roma cenaculis sublata atque suspensa, Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 96; so,2.saxis suspensam hanc aspice rupem,
Verg. A. 8, 190: equi illi Neptunii, qui per undas currus suspensos rapuisse dicuntur, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 27, 67; cf.:vel mare per medium fluctu suspensa tumenti Ferret iter,
skimming lightly over the waters, Verg. A. 7, 810:(corus) suspensum in terras portat mare,
raised on high, Sil. 1, 470:suspensis auribus,
Prop. 3, 6 (4, 5), 8:aura suspensa levisque,
Lucr. 3, 196:terra,
loosened, loose, Col. 11, 3, 54:suspensissimum pastinatum,
id. 3, 13, 7:(oliva) inicitur quam mundissimis molis suspensis ne nucleus frangatur,
id. 12, 51, 2, and 54, 2:radix suspensa pariter et mersa,
Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 6:suspensum inter nubila corpus,
Sil. 12, 94; 1, 470:loco ab umore suspenso,
Pall. 1, 40, 1:alituum suspensa cohors,
Sen. Phoen. 77.—Transf., suspended, i. e. pressing or touching lightly, light:B.suspenso gradu placide ire perrexi,
on tiptoe, Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 28; so,gradu,
Ov. F. 1, 426; 6, 338; cf.:evagata noctu suspenso pede,
Phaedr. 2, 4, 18:pedes,
Sen. Contr. 1 praef. fin.:suspensa levans digitis vestigia primis,
Verg. Cir. 212:vestigia,
Sil. 15, 617:suspensā manu commendare aliquem,
slightly, Plin. Ep. 6, 12, 1:suspensis dentibus,
Lucr. 5, 1069:suspensis passibus,
Amm. 14, 2, 31:molis suspensis,
Col. 12, 51, 2; 12, 54, 2.—Trop.1.Uncertain, hovering, doubtful, wavering, hesitating, in suspense, undetermined, anxious (the predom. and class. signif.;2.syn.: incertus, dubius): nolo suspensam et incertam plebem Romanam obscurā spe et caecā exspectatione pendere,
Cic. Agr. 2, 25, 66; cf.:civitas suspensa metu,
id. ib. 1, 8, 23:suspensum me tenes,
id. Att. 10, 1, 2:maneo Thessalonicae suspensus,
id. ib. 3, 8, 2; Hirt. B. G. 8, 43:tot populos inter spem metumque suspensos animi habetis,
Liv. 8, 13:suspensus animus et sollicitus,
Cic. Att. 2, 18, 1:suspenso animo exspectare, quod quis agat,
id. ib. 4, 15, 10:animus,
id. de Or. 1, 56, 239; id. Fam. 16, 3, 2; id. Verr. 2, 5, 6, § 14:animus suspensus curis majoribus,
id. Phil. 7, 1, 1:auditā inspectāque re, omnia suspensa neutro inclinatis sententiis reliquere,
Liv. 34, 62, 16:dimissis suspensā re legatis,
id. 31, 32, 5.— Comp.:exercitus suspensiore animo, Auct. B. Afr. 48, 3: suspensus incertusque vultus, coloris mutatio,
Cic. Clu. 19, 54; 3, 8; cf.: hominum exspectationem et spem rei publicae suspensam tenere, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 8, 1; Cic. Fam. 11, 8, 1:suspensam dubiamque noctem spe ac metu exegimus,
Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 19:pro homine amicissimo,
id. ib. 8, 5, 3:munera suspensi plena timoris,
Ov. H. 16, 84 Ruhnk.:suspensa et obscura verba,
Tac. A. 1, 11.— Neutr. absol.:quare non semper illam (nequitiam) in suspenso relinquam?
Sen. Ep. 97, 14:est suspensum et anxium, de eo, quem ardentissime diligas, interdum nihil scire,
Plin. Ep. 6, 4, 3:rem totam in suspenso reliqui,
id. ib. 10, 31 (40), 4:ipse in suspenso tenuit,
Tac. H. 1, 78 fin.:si adhuc in suspenso sit statuta libertas,
Dig. 9, 4, 15; Just. Inst. 1, 12, 5.—Of goods held under a lien or judgment:3.suspensis amici bonis libellum deicio creditoribus ejus me obligaturus,
Sen. Ben. 4, 12, 3.—Dependent:qui fideles nobis socii, qui dubii suspensaeque ex fortunā fidei,
Liv. 44, 18, 4:animos ex tam levibus momentis fortunae suspensos,
id. 4, 32, 2. -
13 Verfahren
Verfahren n 1. COMP procedure (Programm); 2. GEN process, procedure; 3. IND process, technique; 4. MGT method; 5. RECHT procedure proceedings, action, suit (Rechtsstreit); 6. ADMIN procedure • ein Verfahren für ungültig erklären RECHT extinguish an action • gegen jmdn. ein Verfahren anstrengen RECHT bring a lawsuit against sb* * *n 1. < Comp> Programm procedure; 2. < Geschäft> process, procedure; 3. < Ind> process, technique; 4. < Mgmnt> method; 5. < Recht> procedure Rechtsstreit proceedings, action, suit; 6. < Verwalt> procedure ■ ein Verfahren für ungültig erklären < Recht> extinguish an action ■ gegen jmdn. ein Verfahren anstrengen < Recht> bring a lawsuit against sb* * *Verfahren
(Arbeitsvorgang) operation, course, (Behandlung) treatment, (Gericht) procedure, proceeding[s], process, case, suit at law (US), lawsuit (US), (Handlungsweise) deal (coll.), dealings, (Herstellung) process, method, technique, departure, (Methode) manner, method, plan, line, way, mode, (Schema) policy, system;
• in einem schwebenden Verfahren pendente lite (lat.);
• abgekürztes Verfahren summary proceeding;
• aufeinander abgestimmtes Verfahren concerted practices;
• abgetrenntes Verfahren separate trial;
• anhängiges Verfahren case at law, proceedings instituted;
• beschleunigtes Verfahren speedup;
• bildgebendes Verfahren imaging technique;
• disziplinarisches Verfahren disciplinary proceedings;
• einheitliches Verfahren standard practice, uniform procedure;
• Einsparungen ermöglichendes Verfahren saver;
• gerichtliches Verfahren legal proceedings, judicial process (proceedings);
• getrenntes Verfahren separate action;
• industrielles Verfahren know-how, industrial technique;
• konkursrechtliches Verfahren bankruptcy proceedings (procedure);
• kostspieliges Verfahren costly proceedings, wasteful process;
• neuartiges Verfahren novel method;
• neues Verfahren new departure;
• ordentliches Verfahren regular process, ordinary proceedings;
• ordnungsgemäßes Verfahren due process of law;
• patentfähiges Verfahren patentable process;
• patentiertes Verfahren patented process;
• schiedsgerichtliches Verfahren arbitration procedure;
• schriftliches Verfahren written proceedings;
• übliches steuernsparendes Verfahren tax-saving pattern;
• überholtes Verfahren outmoded process;
• [allgemein] übliches Verfahren common practice;
• ungerechtes Verfahren unfair hearing;
• ungesetzliches Verfahren illegal proceedings;
• ungültiges Verfahren void (irregular) process, mistrial;
• unvorschriftsmäßiges Verfahren undue proceedings;
• verbessertes Verfahren improved process;
• Verfahren bei der Aufstellung des Haushalts budget procedure;
• Verfahren bei der Aufstellung des Werbeetats (Werbebudgets) advertising-budget procedure;
• Verfahren zur besseren Ausnutzung elektronischer Datenverarbeitungsanlagen time-sharing of data-processing machines;
• Verfahren zur Beilegung von Tarifstreitigkeiten disputes procedure;
• Verfahren zur Festsetzung der Folgeprämie renewal procedure;
• Verfahren zur Festsetzung eines Prioritätsrechtes (Patentrecht) interference proceedings;
• Verfahren zur Feststellung der Schadenhöhe writ of inquiry [after judgment by default];
• Verfahren zur Freigabe von Geheimmaterial declassification procedure;
• Verfahren der freiwilligen Gerichtsbarkeit non-contentious business;
• Verfahren zur Gründung einer Kapitalgesellschaft incorporation procedure (US);
• Verfahren im Interesse einer Klägergruppe class action (suit);
• Verfahren in Nachlassangelegenheiten administration suit;
• Verfahren zur Offenlegung der Vermögensverhältnisse equitable garnishment, supplementary proceedings (US);
• Verfahren eines integrierten Planungs-, Programmierungs- und Haushaltssystems Planning-Programming-Budgeting System;
• Verfahren zur Regelung arbeitsrechtlicher Streitigkeiten disputes procedure;
• Verfahren zur Regelung von Versicherungsansprüchen claim procedure;
• Verfahren in der Revisionsinstanz proceedings in error;
• Verfahren in Steuersachen process in tax proceedings;
• Verfahren in Warenzeichenangelegenheiten trademark procedure;
• Verfahren abtrennen to separate a case;
• Verfahren anstrengen to institute legal proceedings, to bring a suit;
• neues Verfahren anwenden to take a new departure;
• sein übliches Verfahren anwenden to follow one’s standard practice;
• Verfahren wieder aufnehmen to reopen a case;
• neue Verfahren ausprobieren to experiment with new methods;
• gerichtliches Verfahren aussetzen to stay (suspend) the proceedings, to arrest judgment;
• Verfahren beschleunigen to accelerate proceedings, to speed up procedures;
• Verfahren gegen j. in Gang bringen to take out a process against s. o.;
• Verfahren durchführen to proceed with a case, to carry on legal proceedings;
• neue technologische Verfahren in der Industrie einführen to make technical innovations in industry;
• in ein laufendes Verfahren eingreifen to publish comment on cases pending;
• Verfahren wegen Amtsmissbrauchs einleiten to take misfeasance proceedings;
• Verfahren einstellen to abate proceedings, to dismiss a case;
• einheitliches Verfahren erarbeiten to standardize procedure;
• ordnungsgemäßes Verfahren sicherstellen to regularize the proceedings;
• sich einem schiedsrichterlichen Verfahren unterwerfen to submit a claim for arbitration;
• Verfahren verschleppen to delay the proceedings;
• in einem schiedsgerichtlichen Verfahren tätig werden to arbitrate between parties to a suit;
• zu den Kosten des Verfahrens verurteilt werden to be condemned in (ordered to pay) the costs. -
14 Science
It is a common notion, or at least it is implied in many common modes of speech, that the thoughts, feelings, and actions of sentient beings are not a subject of science.... This notion seems to involve some confusion of ideas, which it is necessary to begin by clearing up. Any facts are fitted, in themselves, to be a subject of science, which follow one another according to constant laws; although those laws may not have been discovered, nor even to be discoverable by our existing resources. (Mill, 1900, B. VI, Chap. 3, Sec. 1)One class of natural philosophers has always a tendency to combine the phenomena and to discover their analogies; another class, on the contrary, employs all its efforts in showing the disparities of things. Both tendencies are necessary for the perfection of science, the one for its progress, the other for its correctness. The philosophers of the first of these classes are guided by the sense of unity throughout nature; the philosophers of the second have their minds more directed towards the certainty of our knowledge. The one are absorbed in search of principles, and neglect often the peculiarities, and not seldom the strictness of demonstration; the other consider the science only as the investigation of facts, but in their laudable zeal they often lose sight of the harmony of the whole, which is the character of truth. Those who look for the stamp of divinity on every thing around them, consider the opposite pursuits as ignoble and even as irreligious; while those who are engaged in the search after truth, look upon the other as unphilosophical enthusiasts, and perhaps as phantastical contemners of truth.... This conflict of opinions keeps science alive, and promotes it by an oscillatory progress. (Oersted, 1920, p. 352)Most of the fundamental ideas of science are essentially simple, and may, as a rule, be expressed in a language comprehensible to everyone. (Einstein & Infeld, 1938, p. 27)A new scientific truth does not triumph by convincing its opponents and making them see the light, but rather because its opponents eventually die, and a new generation grows up that is familiar with it. (Planck, 1949, pp. 33-34)[Original quotation: "Eine neue wissenschaftliche Wahrheit pflegt sich nicht in der Weise durchzusetzen, dass ihre Gegner ueberzeugt werden und sich as belehrt erklaeren, sondern vielmehr dadurch, dass die Gegner allmaehlich aussterben und dass die heranwachsende Generation von vornherein mit der Wahrheit vertraut gemacht ist." (Planck, 1990, p. 15)]I had always looked upon the search for the absolute as the noblest and most worth while task of science. (Planck, 1949, p. 46)If you cannot-in the long run-tell everyone what you have been doing, your doing has been worthless. (SchroЁdinger, 1951, pp. 7-8)Even for the physicist the description in plain language will be a criterion of the degree of understanding that has been reached. (Heisenberg, 1958, p. 168)The old scientific ideal of episteґmeґ-of absolutely certain, demonstrable knowledge-has proved to be an idol. The demand for scientific objectivity makes it inevitable that every scientific statement must remain tentative forever. It may indeed be corroborated, but every corroboration is relative to other statements which, again, are tentative. Only in our subjective experiences of conviction, in our subjective faith, can we be "absolutely certain." (Popper, 1959, p. 280)The layman, taught to revere scientists for their absolute respect for the observed facts, and for the judiciously detached and purely provisional manner in which they hold scientific theories (always ready to abandon a theory at the sight of any contradictory evidence) might well have thought that, at Miller's announcement of this overwhelming evidence of a "positive effect" [indicating that the speed of light is not independent from the motion of the observer, as Einstein's theory of relativity demands] in his presidential address to the American Physical Society on December 29th, 1925, his audience would have instantly abandoned the theory of relativity. Or, at the very least, that scientists-wont to look down from the pinnacle of their intellectual humility upon the rest of dogmatic mankind-might suspend judgment in this matter until Miller's results could be accounted for without impairing the theory of relativity. But no: by that time they had so well closed their minds to any suggestion which threatened the new rationality achieved by Einstein's world-picture, that it was almost impossible for them to think again in different terms. Little attention was paid to the experiments, the evidence being set aside in the hope that it would one day turn out to be wrong. (Polanyi, 1958, pp. 12-13)The practice of normal science depends on the ability, acquired from examplars, to group objects and situations into similarity sets which are primitive in the sense that the grouping is done without an answer to the question, "Similar with respect to what?" (Kuhn, 1970, p. 200)Science in general... does not consist in collecting what we already know and arranging it in this or that kind of pattern. It consists in fastening upon something we do not know, and trying to discover it. (Collingwood, 1972, p. 9)Scientific fields emerge as the concerns of scientists congeal around various phenomena. Sciences are not defined, they are recognized. (Newell, 1973a, p. 1)This is often the way it is in physics-our mistake is not that we take our theories too seriously, but that we do not take them seriously enough. I do not think it is possible really to understand the successes of science without understanding how hard it is-how easy it is to be led astray, how difficult it is to know at any time what is the next thing to be done. (Weinberg, 1977, p. 49)Science is wonderful at destroying metaphysical answers, but incapable of providing substitute ones. Science takes away foundations without providing a replacement. Whether we want to be there or not, science has put us in a position of having to live without foundations. It was shocking when Nietzsche said this, but today it is commonplace; our historical position-and no end to it is in sight-is that of having to philosophize without "foundations." (Putnam, 1987, p. 29)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Science
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15 Prozess
Prozess m 1. COMP, IND process; 2. RECHT trial (Strafrecht); litigation (Zivilrecht); case, court case (Fall)* * *m 1. <Comp, Ind> process; 2. < Recht> Verfahren trial, Rechtsstreit litigation, Fall case, court case--------: sich selbst verstärkender Prozess<Vw> self-sustaining process* * *Prozess
action (suit, US) at law, [law] case, [law]suit, cause, litigation, [legal] procedure, legal proceedings, process, (Strafverfahren) trial;
• während der (für die) Dauer des Prozesses during the pendency of a suit, pendente lite;
• auf mehrere Jahre angelegter Prozess multi-year process;
• anhängiger Prozess pending lawsuit;
• vom Konkursverwalter geführter Prozess controversy arising in bankruptcy proceedings;
• geschickt geführter Prozess bolstered-up case;
• kostspieliger Prozess expensive lawsuit;
• Prozess androhen to threaten a suit;
• jem. einen Prozess anhängen to clap a writ upon s. one’s back;
• Prozess gegen j. anstrengen to commence an action (a suit, US) against s. o., to initiate proceedings (institute legal proceedings, bring a lawsuit) against s. o.;
• Prozess aufgeben to drop a suit;
• Prozess wieder aufnehmen to revive an action, to resume the proceedings;
• Prozess aussetzen to stop a suit, to stay (suspend) the proceedings;
• einem Prozess beitreten to join an action;
• sich an einem Prozess beteiligen to become party to an action;
• Prozess betreiben to prosecute an action;
• Prozess durchführen to sustain an action;
• Prozess einstellen to abate an action, to discontinue a suit;
• Prozess zu jds. Gunsten entscheiden to give judgment in favo(u)r of s. o.;
• Prozess fortsetzen to hold an action, to maintain a suit;
• Prozess führen to be at law, to maintain an action, to carry on (conduct) a lawsuit;
• Prozess für einen Mandanten führen to conduct a lawsuit for a client;
• Prozess im eigenen Namen führen to maintain an action in one’s own name;
• seinen Prozess gewinnen to recover in one’s suit, to win one’s case;
• Prozess zu gewärtigen haben to be faced with a lawsuit;
• j. in einen Prozess hineinziehen to bring s. o. into an action;
• kurzen Prozess mit etw. machen to make short work of it;
• Prozess anhängig machen to raise an action;
• in einen Prozess verwickelt sein to be involved in a lawsuit;
• Prozess verhindern to duck a lawsuit;
• Prozess verlieren to fail (be cast) in a suit (lawsuit), to lose a case, (court battle);
• Prozess durch Versäumnisurteil verlieren to lose a case by default;
• Prozess verschleppen to delay the proceedings, to protract a lawsuit;
• Prozessakten case record, minutes of a case, issue rolls, records of a lawsuit (US), (Anwalt) pleadings, brief;
• Prozessandrohung (Patentrecht) threats action (Br.);
• Prozessantrag counsel’s brief (Br.);
• Prozessanwalt inner barrister, trial lawyer (US);
• Prozessanwalt beauftragen (instruieren) to deliver a brief to a barrister (Br.);
• gute Prozessaussichten haben to have a good case;
• Prozessbeendigung nonsuit;
• Prozessbeginn inception, litiscontestation, beginning of a suit in court;
• Prozessbeistand counsel (Br.);
• Prozessbeitritt joinder of issue;
• Prozessberatungsgebühr retaining fee;
• Prozessbeteiligter party in a case;
• Prozessbetrug deceitful plea. -
16 wstrzymywać
impf ⇒ wstrzymać* * *(-uję, -ujesz); perf -ać; vt(bieg, napór, ruch) to arrest; ( prace) to discontinue; (wypłatę, wydanie) to withhold* * *ipf.1. (= powstrzymywać) hold (sb l. sth) back, keep (sb l. sth) back, restrain; wstrzymywać oddech hold one's breath.2. (= przerywać) stop, cease, discontinue; wstrzymywać pomoc medyczną cease medical aid; wstrzymywać ogień wojsk. cease fire.3. (= opóźniać) delay, suspend; prawn. (= odraczać) (decyzję l. wykonanie wyroku) stay, arrest.ipf.hold back, wait; wstrzymać się od głosu abstain (from voting l. from the vote); wstrzymywać się z wydaniem sądu reserve judgment.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > wstrzymywać
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17 bar
1. n кусок, брусокchocolate bar — плитка шоколада; шоколадный батон
2. n брикет3. n метал. болванка, чушка4. n тех. пруток, штанга, стержень; арматурное железо5. n эл. пластина; шина6. n спец. линейка; планка; рейка7. n разг. руль велосипедаhandle bar — руль; тяга
8. n горн. горизонтальный переклад; верхняк9. n засов, щеколдаbar up — запирать на засов, на задвижку
locking bar — засов; замыкающий стержень
10. n шлагбаумtoll bar, the bar of a gatehouse — шлагбаум заставы
toll bar — застава, шлагбаум
11. n геральд. полоса12. n решёткаbehind the bars — за решёткой, в тюрьме
13. n амер. воен. противомоскитная сетка14. n нанос песка, отмель, бар; гряда; перекатoffshore bar — береговой вал, отмель вдоль берега, бар
bar girl — проститутка, подбирающая клиентов в барах
cocktail bar — коктейль-бар, бар высшего разряда
15. n горн. россыпь в рекеcloud bar — гряда облаков, облачный вал
front lying support hang on low bar — вис лежа на н.ж.
cast off the high bar — отмах назад в вис из упора на в.ж.
rear lying support hang on low bar — вис лежа сзади на н.ж.
16. n горн. бар врубовой машины17. n горн. колонка бурильного молотка18. n горн. буровая штанга19. n горн. геол. жила, пересекающая рудный шток20. n горн. такт21. n горн. тактовая черта22. n спорт. перекладина23. n спорт. брусья24. n спорт. планка для прыжков в высоту25. n спорт. жердь26. n спорт. гантели27. n спорт. штанга с постоянным весом28. n воен. полоска29. n воен. орденская планка, колодка с орденскими ленточками30. n воен. пряжка на орденской лентеscroll bar — зона "прокрутки"
31. v запирать32. v набивать решётки; забивать33. v закрывать; загораживать, перегораживать; преграждать34. v тормозить, препятствовать, мешать; останавливать35. v запрещать36. v удерживать37. v исключать, отстранять38. v разг. не любить, не выносить39. v испещрять полосами, исполосовыватьcalender bar — полоса, образующаяся при каландрировании
40. v юр. аннулировать, отменить41. v спец. не засчитывать, признавать недействительным42. prep уст. исключая, не считаяbar none — без всяких исключений; все или всё без исключения
43. n барьер, отделяющий судейcolour bar — цветной барьер; расовая дискриминация
44. n судебное присутствие; суд в полном составеat the bar — на суде, на открытом заседании
45. n суд, мнение, суждение46. n адвокатура, коллегия адвокатов; сословие адвокатов; барристерыto go to the Bar — быть принятым в адвокатское сословие, стать адвокатом
47. n юр. правовое препятствие; возражение; отвод; приостановкаplea in bar — возражение по существу иска, возражение против права предъявлять иск
48. n бар, закусочная; буфет49. n стойка, прилавок50. n прилавок, стол51. n сервировочный столик52. n спец. черта над символомstraddle over low bar — перемах ноги врозь над н.ж.
Синонимический ряд:1. band (noun) band; ribbon; stripe2. bank (noun) bank; key; reef; ridge; sandbank; sand-bar; sand-bunk; shallow; shoal; spit3. barroom (noun) barroom; buvette; cabaret; cantina; cocktail lounge; drinkery; drunkery; inn; lounge; pothouse; pub; public house; road house; rummery; rumshop; saloon; tap; taproom; tavern; watering hole; watering place4. block (noun) block; cake; ingot5. buffet (noun) buffet; counter; table6. legal profession (noun) advocates; attorneys; attorneys-at-law; board; court; judgment-seat; judiciary; law practice; lawcourt; lawyers; legal profession; tribunal7. rod (noun) billet; boom; pole; rail; rod; rule; shaft; slab; standard; stick; strip8. stop (noun) barricade; barrier; blank wall; blockade; check; Chinese wall; crimp; deterrent; fence; hamper; hindrance; hurdle; impediment; mountain; obstacle; obstruction; roadblock; rub; snag; stop; stumbling block; traverse; wall9. ban (verb) ban; boycott; prohibit10. exclude (verb) bate; close; count out; debar; eliminate; except; exclude; exile; forbid; keep out; outlaw; rule out; shut out; suspend11. limit (verb) circumscribe; confine; delimit; delimitate; limit; prelimit; restrict12. obstruct (verb) barricade; block; brake; check; dam; frustrate; hinder; impede; inhibit; obstruct; overslaugh; prevent; restrain; stop13. apart from (other) apart from; aside from (US); barring; beyond; but; except; excepting; outside of; save; saving; short of; with the exception ofАнтонимический ряд:allow; clear; encourage; suffer
См. также в других словарях:
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suspend — suspendible, adj. suspendibility, n. /seuh spend /, v.t. 1. to hang by attachment to something above: to suspend a chandelier from the ceiling. 2. to attach so as to allow free movement: to suspend a door on a hinge. 3. to keep from falling,… … Universalium
To suspend payment — Suspend Sus*pend , v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Suspended}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Suspending}.] [F. suspendre, or OF. souspendre (where the prefix is L. subtus below, from sub under), L. suspendere, suspensum; pref. sus (see {Sub }) + pendere to hang. See… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
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Motion to set aside judgment — Civil procedure in the United States Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Doctrines of civil procedure Jurisdiction Subject matter jurisdiction Diversity jurisdiction Personal jurisdiction Removal jurisdiction Venue Change of venue … Wikipedia
Suspended — Suspend Sus*pend , v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Suspended}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Suspending}.] [F. suspendre, or OF. souspendre (where the prefix is L. subtus below, from sub under), L. suspendere, suspensum; pref. sus (see {Sub }) + pendere to hang. See… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Suspending — Suspend Sus*pend , v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Suspended}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Suspending}.] [F. suspendre, or OF. souspendre (where the prefix is L. subtus below, from sub under), L. suspendere, suspensum; pref. sus (see {Sub }) + pendere to hang. See… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
defend — 1 Defend, protect, shield, guard, safeguard mean to keep secure from danger or against attack. Defend implies the use of means to ward off something that actually threatens or to repel something that actually attacks {raise a large army to defend … New Dictionary of Synonyms
Atheism — Atheism, as an explicit position, can be either the affirmation of the nonexistence of gods, [The Oxford American Dictionary defines atheist as a person who does not believe in the existence of a god or gods. New York: Avon Press, 1980.] or the… … Wikipedia
Human rights in Turkey — Republic of Turkey This article is part of the series: Politics and government of the Republic of Turkey … Wikipedia
Margaret Mead — Born December 16, 1901(1901 12 16) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Died November 15, 1978(1978 11 15) … Wikipedia
